Current to Pressure (I/P) Converter
A “current to pressure” (I/P) converter converts an analog signal (4 to 20 mA) to a proportional linear pneumatic output (3 to 15 psig). Its purpose is to translate the analog output from a control system into a precise, repeatable pressure value to control pneumatic actuators/operators, pneumatic valves, dampers, vanes, etc. The IP210 is a loop-powered instrument, which eliminates the need for an external power supply (except for IP210-X120).
Principle of Operation
IP2 Converter converts an analog signal (4 to 20 mA) to a proportional linear pneumatic output (3 to 15 psig). Its uncomplicated design and proven electromagnetic force balance deliver consistently high performance.
It provides a reliable, repeatable, accurate means of converting an electrical signal into pneumatic pressure. Its force balance principle is a coil suspended in a magnetic field on a flexible mount. At the lower end of the coil is a flapper valve that operates against a precision ground nozzle to create a backpressure on the servo diaphragm of a booster relay.
The input current flows in the coil and produces a force between the coil and the flapper valve, which controls the servo pressure and the output pressure.
Zero adjustment of the unit is made by turning a screw that regulates the distance between the flapper valve and the air nozzle. Span adjustment is made by varying a potentiometer, which shunts input current past the coil. An integral volume flow booster provides adequate flow capacity, resulting in fast response time and accurate control.
Current to Pressure Converter works on flapper nozzle method. The input is 4 to 20mA signal and the equivalent output is 3 to 15 PSI pressure.
In the Current to Pressure converter, we usually give input current signal as 4 – 20 mA . We also give a continuous supply of 20 P.S.I to the Flapper Nozzle assembly. As we give input current signal, Electromagnet gets activated.
If the current is more, then the power of magnet will get increased. The Flapper of the Flapper-Nozzle instrument is connected to Pivot so that it can move up and down and a magnetic material was attached to other end of flapper and it is kept near the electromagnet.
As the magnet gets activated. the flapper moves towards the electromagnet and the nozzle gets closed to some extent. So the some part of 20 P.S.I supplied will escape through nozzle and remaining pressure will come as output.
If the current signal is high, then power of the magnet will increase, then flapper will move closer to the nozzle, so less pressure will escape through nozzle and output pressure increases.
In this way the output pressure will be proportional to the input current.
For the input current of 4 – 20 mA we can get the output pressure of 3 – 15 P.S.I
An I/P Converter offers a reliable and accurate way of converting electric signals into pneumatic pressure. Here, Instronline outlines the purpose of a “current to pressure” transducer and the I/P converter functions.
WHAT IS AN I/P CONVERTER
So, what is an I/P converter? Working on the same operating principle as a proportional valve, I/P Converters are complex circuits which allow adjustable flow volumes. An I/P Converter is also known as a “current to pressure transducer” as it provides flow/speed controls and directional control functions in a single valve.
Otherwise known as an I/P Transducer, an I/P Converter eliminates the need for any external power supply by translating electric currents into pneumatic output. By doing so, the converter maximises machine efficiency and controls pneumatic components, including valves, actuators and dampers.
I/P Converters are beneficial in circuits that require multiple speeds, allowing them to operate efficiently in applications such as machine cycles. Commonly, I/P Converters are chosen depending on the operation field and are usually available in both reverse and direct acting models.
HOW AN I/P CONVERTER WORKS
Pneumatic assisted control valves often require a converter to change an electrical signal into a pneumatic one, thereby delivering an adjustable downstream flow rate. How an I/P converter works is it translates a current input signal, usually between 4-20mA, into a pneumatic output, usually between 3 – 15pisg, which in turn proportionally controls the opening or closing of a valve. Operating according to the ‘force balance principle’, the operating principle of a current to pressure transducer consists of a coil suspended in a magnetic field on a flexible mount. A flapper valve is positioned at the lower end of the coil and operates against a precision nozzle to create backpressure.
An I/P converter’s function is to deliver a proportional downstream flow of liquid or gas, based on the rate of electrical current that is received into the electrical circuit. I/P Converters are often used in natural gas applications where there is fluctuating inlet pressures, but where constant and precise downstream pressure is critical. Watson Smith I/P Converters can be supplied as safe area, intrinsically safe or triple certified ATEX for us in a variety of potentially explosive atmospheres.
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